The global transportation industry stands at a pivotal crossroads. As a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, the pressure is mounting for the sector to undergo a fundamental transformation and steer it in the direction of electric cars. In alignment with the Paris Agreement’s target of net-zero emissions by 2050. South Africa is now being called to act swiftly.
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The Automotive Industry at a Turning Point
South Africa manufactures approximately 600,000 vehicles annually, with 60% exported and an additional 300,000 vehicles imported. This industry supports over 140,000 jobs and contributes significantly to the country’s GDP. However, as global demand shifts towards low-emission vehicles, maintaining relevance on the world stage requires an accelerated transition to electric vehicles (EVs).
The Presidential Climate Commission’s 2022 report highlights the urgent need for South Africa to shift its automotive production.
Policy Support and Financial Incentives for Electric Cars
The Department of Trade, Industry, and Competition introduced the Electric Vehicles White Paper in November 2023. One of the most pivotal developments is the introduction of a 150% tax rebate for automotive manufacturers investing in repurposing or establishing EV production facilities. This incentive is expected to boost South Africa’s ability to export EVs and remain competitive.
The Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP2) is another crucial tool that offers rebates and duty refunds to manufacturers.
Infrastructure and Energy Challenges
Despite these policy strides, South Africa faces significant infrastructure hurdles. Although the country is rich in renewable energy resources such as solar and wind, the national grid is unable to reliably transmit this energy from resource-rich areas to automotive hubs like Gauteng and the Eastern Cape. Continued reliance on coal compromises the carbon neutrality of EV production.
To overcome this, automotive manufacturers must invest in independent renewable energy sources, developing clean energy plants adjacent to their factories. This step is crucial for ensuring truly sustainable EV manufacturing.
The Electric Cars Supply Chain and Battery Manufacturing Dilemma
Transitioning to the production of electric cars also demands a massive shift in the local component manufacturing industry. While the sector is currently focused on internal combustion engine parts, up to 60% of EV costs now stem from battery and motor production. South Africa, while rich in essential minerals like manganese, lacks the infrastructure to refine and manufacture EV batteries domestically. Most of this beneficiation happens in countries like China, increasing both costs and carbon emissions.
To bridge this gap, regional collaboration within Africa is essential, creating a unified supply chain for mineral extraction, battery manufacturing, and EV production. Instead of competing with China, South Africa could benefit from joint ventures with major battery manufacturers like BYD and CATL, bringing in expertise and training local workers for high-tech manufacturing roles.
Stimulating Local Demand
The price of EVs in South Africa remains a key barrier, with most models priced above R500,000 — well beyond the reach of the average consumer. To stimulate demand, several reforms are needed:
- Update the ad valorem luxury tax, which currently affects even entry-level vehicles priced at R250,000.
- Temporarily lift import duties on EVs to reduce costs and grow the market.
- Introduce more affordable models, targeting a price point of R400,000 or less.
Achieving a milestone where 5% of new car sales are EVs by 2026 — roughly 30,000 units per year — would be transformative. It would trigger infrastructure investments, including a network of EV charging stations powered by renewable energy.
Looking Ahead: A Sustainable Vision for 2030 and Beyond
The future of electric cars in South Africa is both challenging and promising. If the right policies are implemented, and strategic investments are made, South Africa can become a major player in the global EV market. With coordinated action between the government, manufacturers, trade unions, and energy experts, the country can build a resilient automotive sector fit for a low-carbon future.
Let’s envision a future where more than 500,000 EVs drive on South African roads by 2030. Through innovation, collaboration, and commitment, South Africa can not only preserve but also grow its automotive legacy — creating jobs, protecting the planet, and positioning itself as a leader in the global EV revolution.
